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Acute Cholangitis

Cholangitis is inflammation and infection of the bile ducts, which are the tubes that carry bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. A blockage in these ducts causes bile to back up, leading to a bacterial infection and a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.  Common causes Blockage in the bile duct: This is the most common cause of acute cholangitis. The blockage can be due to a gallstone, a tumor, blood clots, or scarring from a previous surgery. Autoimmune conditions: Certain autoimmune disorders, like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cause chronic inflammation and scarring in the bile ducts. Medical procedures: Rarely, a medical procedure involving the bile ducts, such as an ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), can cause an infection. Parasitic infections: In some parts of the world, parasitic worms or liver flukes can cause a blockage in the bile ducts. Other con...
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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis (pronounced ko-luh-sis-TIE-tis) is inflammation of the gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ located under the liver. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. When the gallbladder becomes inflamed, it can cause significant pain and may lead to serious complications if not treated.  There are two main types of cholecystitis:  Acute cholecystitis: A sudden, severe inflammation that typically develops over hours. Chronic cholecystitis: Inflammation that occurs repeatedly over a longer period, often following several acute attacks.  Common causes In most cases, cholecystitis is caused by a blockage in the bile ducts that prevents bile from leaving the gallbladder.  Gallstones: The most frequent cause of both acute and chronic cholecystitis. A gallstone can get stuck in the cystic duct, the tube that drains bile from the gallbladder. This causes bile to back up, leading to pressure, irritation, and ...
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Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones, which are hard, pebble-like deposits that form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones are often asymptomatic, or "silent," and don't interfere with the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas. However, when gallstones block the bile ducts, they can cause a sudden, intense gallbladder attack that requires medical attention.  Common causes Gallstones form when the bile stored in the gallbladder hardens and crystallizes. This can occur if the bile contains too much cholesterol, too much bilirubin, or not enough bile salts.  Cholesterol gallstones: These are the most common type and are yellow in color. They can form when: Your liver produces too much cholesterol, and your bile is unable to dissolve it. The gallbladder doesn't empty completely or frequently enough, causing the bile to become overly concentrated. Pigment ...
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