Pink eye

Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. The inflammation causes the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva to swell, making the eye appear pink or red. Pink eye is very common and can affect one or both eyes. 

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of pink eye can vary depending on the cause, but common signs include: 

  • Red or pink eye: The whites of the eye become noticeably reddish or pink.

  • Itching or gritty feeling: You might feel an irritating, scratchy sensation, as if sand or dirt is in your eye.

  • Discharge: This can be watery and thin with viral infections, or thick and yellow or green with bacterial infections.

  • Crusting: Dried discharge can form a crust on your eyelashes and eyelids, especially after sleeping, which can cause them to stick together.

  • Excessive tearing: Your eyes may water more than usual.

  • Light sensitivity: Some people experience discomfort or pain in bright light.

  • Swelling: The eyelids and the clear membrane over the eye may appear puffy. 

Diagnosis

A doctor can often diagnose pink eye based on your symptoms and a physical exam of your eye. In most cases, specific lab tests are not necessary. 

Your doctor will ask about:

  • Your symptoms and how long you have had them.

  • Recent colds, upper respiratory infections, or exposure to anyone with pink eye.

  • Any allergies you have.

  • If you wear contact lenses. 

If your symptoms are severe, or if the infection isn't clearing up with treatment, a doctor may take a sample of the eye discharge with a swab to send for lab testing to confirm the cause. 

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of pink eye you have. 

Viral pink eye

This is the most common type and is caused by a virus, such as the common cold virus. 

  • Self-care: There is no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Viral pink eye usually clears up on its own within one to two weeks.

  • Cold compresses and artificial tears: These can help relieve discomfort, dryness, and inflammation.

  • Antiviral medication: In rare, more serious cases, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication, especially if caused by the herpes simplex virus. 

Bacterial pink eye

This type is caused by bacteria and is very contagious.

  • Antibiotics: A doctor will prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Symptoms often improve within a few days of starting treatment, but it is important to finish the entire course to ensure the infection is completely gone.

  • Home care: Warm compresses can help soften and remove the crusting on eyelids. 

Allergic pink eye

This is an allergic reaction to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander. It is not contagious. 

  • Avoid allergens: If possible, remove yourself from the source of the allergy.

  • Antihistamines: Over-the-counter or prescription eye drops and oral medications can help relieve itching and swelling.

  • Cool compresses: These can soothe the itching and irritation. 

General precautions and when to see a doctor

  • Contact lenses: If you wear contacts, stop wearing them as soon as you notice symptoms. Throw away disposable contacts and clean extended-wear lenses and cases as advised by your doctor.

  • Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes, and do not share towels, washcloths, or eye makeup to prevent the spread of infectious pink eye.

  • When to see a doctor: It is important to see a healthcare provider if you experience severe pain, blurred vision, or intense light sensitivity, as these could be signs of a more serious eye condition.


 

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