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Ileus

Ileus is a condition where the normal muscle contractions of the intestines, known as peristalsis, temporarily slow down or stop completely. This prevents food, fluid, and gas from passing through the digestive tract, causing a backup that can lead to a buildup of pressure and potential complications. Unlike a mechanical blockage, such as from a tumor or scar tissue, ileus is a functional problem with the bowel's movement. Common causes While most cases of ileus are temporary and resolve on their own, a variety of factors can disrupt normal bowel function. Surgery: The most common cause is abdominal or pelvic surgery, where handling the intestines can trigger a temporary paralysis known as postoperative ileus. Medications: Certain drugs, especially opioid pain relievers, can slow down or paralyze intestinal movement. Other medications like antidepressants and some anticholinergics can also be a factor. Infections and inflammation: Infections inside the abdomen, such as appendici...
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Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

A small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious condition where the small intestine becomes physically blocked, preventing food, fluids, and gas from passing through. This differs from an ileus, where the blockage is caused by a temporary disruption of the intestine's muscle function rather than a physical barrier. A small bowel obstruction can be a partial or complete blockage and is considered a medical emergency, especially if the blood supply to the intestine is compromised.  Common causes Adhesions (scar tissue): These are the most frequent cause of small bowel obstructions in developed countries. Adhesions are fibrous bands of tissue that form in the abdomen, most often after prior abdominal or pelvic surgery. They can twist or pull on the intestines, causing a blockage. Hernias: An abdominal wall hernia occurs when a part of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. This can trap a loop of the small intestine, leading to an obstruction. Tumors: Both can...
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Heart Failure

Heart failure, sometimes called congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition where the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. This does not mean the heart has stopped working, but rather that it is not effectively circulating blood throughout the body. As a result, the body's organs and tissues do not receive enough oxygen, and fluid can build up in the lungs and other areas.  Signs and symptoms Heart failure symptoms can develop gradually over time or appear suddenly, depending on the cause. Symptoms often get worse as the heart's pumping ability weakens.  Key signs and symptoms: Shortness of breath: You may feel breathless during physical activity, when lying flat, or wake up suddenly at night gasping for air. This is caused by fluid backing up into the lungs. Persistent cough or wheezing: Fluid in the lungs can cause a chronic cough that may produce a white or pink, blood-tinged mucus. Swelling (edema): Poor circulation can cause fluid to build up in t...
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Corneal Abrasion

A corneal abrasion is a scratch or scrape on the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped outer surface of your eye. Because the cornea is highly sensitive, even a small scratch can be very painful and cause significant discomfort. While many abrasions are minor and heal quickly, some can lead to infection or other complications, so it is important to see a doctor if you suspect you have one. Common causes A corneal abrasion can be caused by anything that scrapes the surface of the eye. Some of the most common causes include: Foreign objects: Sand, dust, dirt, or other small particles getting into the eye. Physical trauma: Being hit or poked in the eye by a fingernail, tree branch, or makeup brush. Contact lenses: Damaged contact lenses or wearing them for too long can increase your risk. Dry eyes: If your eyes become too dry, your eyelids can stick to the cornea, and opening your eyes can cause a tear in the surface. Forceful rubbing: Rubbing your eyes too hard, especially when trying ...
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